Hair turns grey because of the loss of pigment granules in the cortex of the hair as we age. The rate and age at which this happens is largely determined by our genes. Premature greying can be caused by poor diet, illnesses such as thyroid disorders, pernicious anemia and stress. Full Article »

Gout causes excruciating pain and inflammation in joints, and sometimes fever. Elbows, knees and knuckles can be affected, but it is usually the big toe. Caused by a build-up of uric acid crystals in the joints, it sometimes runs in families and is common in very overweight people. Acute attacks of gout may require medical treatment. Full Article »

This common condition of the middle ear usually affects children and results from repeated ear infections, colds and upper respiratory infections. Repeated courses of antibiotics for ear infections have also been implicated. The ‘glue’ refers to thick yellow mucus. This is produced by the lining of the middle ear and reduces hearing. Children with a glue ear need medical attention. A tiny plastic tube called a grommet may be fitted into the eardrum to allow the middle ear to drain. Full Article »

Glandular fever, also known as infectious mononucleosis, is a viral infection most common in teenagers and young adults. It is caused by either the Epstein-Barr virus or the cytomegalo virus. Both viruses are spread in saliva, and this has earned glandular fever the nickname ‘the kissing disease’. Symptoms include a sore throat, swollen lymph nodes (glands), headaches, a fever and exhaustion. Glandular fever usually lasts for about 6 weeks, although it can take months to restore energy levels and some people experience recurrent attacks of fever and weakness. Full Article »

Symptoms include a high tempera­ture, swollen lymph nodes (glands), a pink rash and, possibly, conjunc­tivitis. Most well-nourished children with German measles simply need rest, fluids, food according to their appetite and something to bring their temperature down if necessary. German measles causes most concern in pregnant women, who should see a doctor if they have been in contact with someone with rubella. Full Article »

Inflammation of the stomach lining is known as gastritis. Symptoms include heartburn, flatulence, nausea and vomiting, especially after eating. Possible causes include alcohol, certain foods, certain drugs (especially aspirin) and bacterial infection. Relaxation techniques and gentle exercise - such as yoga, meditation and swimming - can help relieve associated stress. Full Article »

This rubbery, compressible, cyst-like swelling develops on the tendons or joints, usually on the wrist, but it can also occur on the knee or ankle. It is usually painless and harmless. A ganglion can be removed by surgery, but it frequently disappears of its own accord. However, it is wise to have any unusual lumps or swellings checked by a doctor. Full Article »

These hard stones, composed of cholesterol, chalk and bile pigments, accumulate in the gallbladder or bile duct. They are more likely in people who have a family history of the condition, or diabetes, or during pregnancy. However, the most likely sufferers are overweight, middle-aged western women. Full Article »

Painful, persistent stiffness and limited movement in the shoulder is known as a frozen shoulder. The problem occurs when some of the tissue around the shoulder joint becomes thickened and inflamed, either after an injury or vigorous exercise, or for no known reason. This makes simple tasks such as brushing your hair, dressing and undressing and drawing the curtains excruciatingly painful. Gentle exercise, such as swimming in warm water, can loosen the shoulder. Full Article »

Prolonged exposure to extreme cold can cause tissues to become so chilled there is a real danger of serious damage, especially on extremities such as fingertips, toes, ears, nose and chin. Symptoms include a pins-­and-needles sensation, which can be extremely painful. The affected skin becomes numb, white or mottled blue, and hard, then red and swollen. In severe cases black areas may appear. As the skin starts to thaw blisters may form, and if badly frozen, gangrene can develop.

In all cases frostbite requires medical attention, but there is much you can do while waiting for help. Do not rub the area, attempt to burst blisters or try to warm the area too quickly. Thaw the affected area gradually with body heat. Place your fingertips under your armpits and feet under the armpits of a companion, or cover with clothing. Cover frostbitten ears, nose or face with warm hands until color and sensation returns. Avoid walking on frostbitten feet or exercising the affected area. Full Article »